How To Format The Hard disk By Disk Manager?

Be ready with Bootable C.D and Disk Manager Software(DM) on the same C.D. I Have DM version 9.46(only single floppy). This version formats any disk whether it is Seagate or Samsung or any other one. DM versions below 10 can format up to disk sizes of 40 GB. By using disk manager 10 Plus version we can format High Capacity disks also. Now latest is disk manager 10.45. Later I will tell about 10.45(two floppy's needed). In Seagate site we can get free disk manager 10.45 software. But it formats only Seagate harddisks. For formatting other disks you have to use disk manager 10 Plus versions for those disks. You can get Samsung version disk manager 10.42 from Samsung site freely. For other company disks you have to get disk manager 10 plus versions from those company Websites.

Now I am telling how to format the hard disk using disk manager 9.46 version. Start the Computer. While booting press DEL key then the system automatically goes to CMOS Settings. Select “Advanced Bios Features” and press enter. Select “First Boot Device” and choose CD ROM. Then press F10 key(For save and exit setup) and save CMOS Settings. Now the system is ready to boot from C.D Rom.

Put the Bootable C.D in C.D drive and restart the system. Then system will boot from C.D. Select “Boot from C.d.Rom” and press enter. Select “Start computer with CD Rom support” and press enter. Then computer will go to A:\> Prompt.

Change from A:\> to C.D Drive Prompt.
Example:
A:\>F: press enter (Here F is my C.D drive.). Then it goes to C.D drive prompt like below.
F:\>
By CD command(change directory command) change to DM directory like this.
F:\>CD DM press enter. Now
F:\DM>
Now run DM exe file. If your hard disk is Seagate just type “DM”. If your harddisk is other than Seagate then type “DM/X” like below.
F:\DM>DM/X press enter

Now disk manager runs on the screen. Press enter to continue. It will display “Have you already run the disk wizard software?” Choose NO then press enter. Now choose Advanced options. Choose Advanced disk installation. It will display “disk manager found 1 drive YES or NO”. Choose YES. Then it will display “disk manager format hard disk using the 32 bit FAT choose yes or no”. Choose YES.

Now select a partition option. Select “Option(C) Define your own”. Now give the partition sizes. My Hard disk is 10 GB. So I used 3 partitions C 6 Gb, D 1 Gb, E 3 Gb. After giving partition sizes choose “Save and continue” then press enter. Then it will give two options:
1. Press ALT-C to continue
2. Press any key to cancel
Press Alt-C. Then it will display “Fast format(yes or no)”. Choose YES. Leave the default cluster values. Now it will display“Erase all data on this disk (yes or no)?”. Choose Yes. Then disk manager will format my hard disk into 3 partitions as per the sizes given by me. After formatting completed it will display “Press reset or Control-Alt-Del when ready”. Also it displays “remove any C.D's,Diskettes in drives”.

So first remove bootable C.D. Then press Control-Alt-Del. Then computer will restart and come to command prompt C:\> So now you learnt how to format harddisk.

Upto 40 Gb Hard disks you can format them using disk manager 9.46 software. If you want to format 80 Gb hard disks you can format them using windows xp Installation disk itself or by using disk manager 10 plus versions. Later I will post article regarding that also.

How can you format Any Hard disk larger than 80 GB?

We can format any hard disk with Windows XP C.D irrespective of it's size and manufacturer.

First goto CMOS Setup then select Boot Device priority as C.D.ROM. Then keep Win XP C.D in CD Drive then restart the system. After restarting, it asks Press any key to boot from C.D. Then press any key. Then setup inspects your computer configuration and it takes time.

After inspection is over setup will start ,press enter to continue. Then press F8 to agree the end user license. Then setup will shows the existing partitions and unpartitioned space on your computer.

If suppose your HDD is new one with 40 GB. Then setup shows only unpartitioned space on your computer that is approximately 38201 MB. So to create a partition press C. Then it will ask the size of the partition. Suppose you have given 8000 MB,then press enter. Then It will create partition C for you. Then it shows 30200 MB as unpartitioned space. Now select unpartitioned space then again press C for creating second partition. Suppose you have again given 8000 MB as size then press enter. Then it will create partition D for you. Again select unpartitioned space then again press C for creating third partition. This time you have given the remaining 22191 MB as size and then press enter. Then it will create third partition E. So now you have totally 3 partitions. Still it shows 8 MB unpartitioned space. But we can not create fourth partition with 8 MB. So leave it.

Now we have 3 partitions with sizes 8000MB,8000MB,22191MB respectively. All these are RAW harddisk partitions. Now select partition C for installing Win XP then press enter. After installation of Win XP there are only two RAW harddisk partitions. They are D and E partitions. So after installing Win XP double click my computer. Then right click D drive and select Format then select File system FAT32 then click start. Then it will format D drive. Similarly format E drive also. Now you learnt how to format harddisk of size greater than 80 GB.

Windows XP installation

After formatting the hard disk, kept the win xp cd in cd-drive and restart the system. Then it will boot from win xp c.d and it displays “press any key to boot from cd”. So press any key. Then setup will first inspect your system. After sometime welcome to setup screen comes. Press enter to continue. Then license agreement screen will come. Press F8 to agree. Then it will show existing partitions. Already C is selected as primary partition. So press enter to install win xp in C drive. Then it will give 6 options. Select “leave the current file system intact(no changes)”. Then press enter then setup will starts. After some installation computer will restart. Just before restarting it will show message“remove any diskettes in drives”. Then remove c.d from the drive and restart the computer. Then the computer again installing files after restart. Now again put the cd in cd drive while installation is going on.

After some windows xp installation it will show “Regional and language options”. Just click next. Now it will ask your name and organization. Give the details and click next. Now give the product key and click next. It will ask computer name and password. Give the name and click next. Then give the Time Zone settings,Date & time settings then click next. Then it will install network card software. After some time it will show network settings. Select typical settings and click next. It will ask workgroup. If your computer is on a network then give your workgroup name and click next. Again installation is going on. After some windows xp installation it will again restarts.

Now welcome to Microsoft windows screen come. Click next. Then computer will check for internet connectivity of your computer and gives two options 1. DSL 2. LAN. Choose your appropriate option and give IP address,Subnet mask,Gateway etc., details and click next. Then it will come to registration screen. Registration is optional. So choose whatever option you like and click next. Then it will asks your name and also names of users to this computer. Give those details and click next. Finish screen come. Click finish.
So you just completed windows xp installation.

How to configure Bsnl Broadband internet connection to single computer and to multiple computers for any Windows O.S ?

Bsnl Broadband configuration to single computer:
The department will do all the wiring connectons of ADSL modem,Splitter etc. I will roughly tell about the wiring connections we have to do for getting internet.

My modem is Huawei Smart Ax MT 880. Spiltter is common to all. Now I will roughly tell the wiring connections.

On the back panel of Huawei MT 880 you can observe power suppy point,power on/off button,ethernet port and adsl port.

Splitter has two ports on one side. From one of the ports connect a RJ-11 Telephone cable to adsl port of the Modem. From the second port connect a RJ-11 Telephone cable to our phone instrument.

Splitter has another port on other side. From this port connect a RJ-11 telephone cable to RJ-11 socket.

Connect LAN cable from Ethernet port of Modem to Ethernet port of your computer. Give power supply to modem through the adaptor.

P.C configuration:
Right click My Network Places(In Windows XP My Network Places,In win98 Network Neighbourhood) then select properties. You will get Local Area Connection properties like this.

Double click Internet Protocol(TCP/IP). Then you will get TCP/IP properties like this.

Select Use the following IP Address and set the IP address to 192.168.1.x(x is any number between 2 to 255). I have entered IP Address as 192.168.1.7 Now enter Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0,Default gateway 192.168.1.1,Preferred DNS server 61.1.96.69,Alternate DNS server 218.248.255.145.
Note: For Preferred DNS server you can also use 192.168.1.1 instead of 61.1.96.69.

Click OK.

Huawei MT 880/MT 882 CPE Configuration:
Open internet explorer and type the url http://192.168.1.1 then press enter. You will get like this on the screen.

Type user name admin and password also admin then click OK. Then you will get Smart AT 880 window like this.

On the left panel click on HOME then click WAN Setting. You will get window like this.

Now locate the parameter Wan Type then select PPP.
Select connection type as PPPOE.
Select the Default Route Enabled.
Enter the User Name and Password provided by Bsnl.
Click on Apply.
Click on DNS then enter Primary DNS Address 61.1.96.69 and Secondary DNS Address 218.248.255.145 as below.

Next On left panel select Tools then select System Setting. Click on Save & Restart as shown below.

You have completed your Modem Configuration for bsnl broadband internet. It is so simple. Any one can do it.

On the left panel if you click Summary then you will observe Green light glowing telling the status of PPPOE like this.

How to share the internet connection among more than one Computer?

Just connect LAN cable from Ethernet port of ADSL Modem to a HUBs first port instead of P.C. All P.C's will be connected to Hub through LAN cables. Configure TCP/IP Settings in all the P.C's with IP address in the range(192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.255),Default Gateway as 192.168.1.1,Subnet Mask as 255.255.255.0,Preferred DNS server as 61.1.96.69,Alternate DNS server as 218.248.255.145. Remember one important thing that is all computers in LAN must have same workgroup. So set Unique workgroup to all of the computers in the LAN

NOTE: The above configuration settings are same in all Windows operating systems. No PPPOE software is required even for win98 also. So you can configure win98 also as above for internet.

I have explained configuration of Huawei MT882/MT 800 models only. Now I will Briefly explain the configuration of other ADSL Modems. Configuration of other models is also same as above with slight difference.

Dare Global DB 108 ADSL Modem Configuration:

Open the browser and enter the url http://192.168.1.1. Enter user name admin,password admin in login window. Next click on WAN on left panel. Look for the connection with VPI 0 and VCI 35 (pvc-0-35) then click on EDIT button. Then follow the configuration wizard. Select connection type as PPPOE. Enter Dataone user name and password. Click on next and complete the wizard. Finally click on Reboot button on left panel.

Huawei WA1003A Wi-Fi ADSL Modem configuration:

Open the browser and enter the url http://192.168.1.1. Enter user name admin,password admin in login window. Next click on SETUP on menu bar and then click on PVC0 on left panel. Now select the connection type as PPPOE. Enter your dataone user name and password and click on APPLY.

Wi-Fi security Configuration:
Click on ADVANCED on menu bar then select Wireless Security. Select WEP and tick the check box Enable wep Security. Enter the encryption key. You have to enter only hexadecimal numbers 1,2....9,a,b,c,d,e,f and click on Apply. Now click on TOOLS on menu bar ,select System Commands then click on Save all.

Huawei MT 841 ADSL Modem configuration:

Open the browser and enter the url http://192.168.1.1. Enter user name admin,password admin in login window. Click on Basic next Connections on left panel. If you are configuring the modem first time then you have to delete the existing PVC0. For doing this click on EDIT icon(this icon is in the column Note),then scroll down the page and click on delete.

Now click on NEW then enter VPI/VCI value as 0/35,then enter dataone username and password. Click on APPLY. Save the configuration by clicking on Save All on left panel.

Wi-Fi security Configuration:
Click on WLAN on left panel then select WEP. Enter the 13 digit WEP key. You have to enter only hexadecimal numbers 1,2....9,a,b,c,d,e,f and click on Apply. Save the configuration by clicking on Save All.

Huawei MT 800 ADSL Modem configuration:

Open the browser and enter the url http://192.168.1.1. Enter user name admin,password admin in login window. Select and click on ATM Settings on left panel. Locate the parameter Connection Type and select PPP. In the next line select PPPOE. Scroll down the page then enter dataone user name and password and click on Submit. Click on Save & Reboot on left panel. First select Save and click on Submit. Next select Reboot and click on Submit again.

Note: We have configured Wi-Fi Security feature in Huawei WA 1003A and Huawei MT 841 Modems. We have to configure Wi-Fi Security feature in the P.C also. We can configure like this.

Wi-Fi configuration in PC:

Open properties of Wi-Fi Connection in PC. Select the tab Wireless Networks then select the Wi-Fi network name(normall modem model name is the network name) then click on properties. Look for field Data encryption and network ID,select WEP as Data Encryption and enter the network ID which you have entered in ADSL Modem configuration as encryption key.

Bsnl Broadband(Dataone) Internet connection Details

For Bsnl broadband connection customer requires Bsnl landline phone,Computer with operating system Linux/win98/winnt/win2000/win xp or higher. You will get maximum speed from Win XP with memory greater than 64 mb. Your computer must have LAN card.

The department supply one ADSL Technology Modem(also called CPE),Splitter,LAN cable,a small RJ-11 Telephone cable and modem adapter. Generally when internet is coming from landline phone then there is noise in the line. So we can not talk with others,cannot receive calls when net is coming from the phone. When we use splitter we can talk with others,can receive calls,when net is coming from the phone. Splitter cancels the noise in the line and separates Voice and Data signals so that we can use the same internet phone for receiving calls and for making calls to others.

Generally bsnl supplies the following CPEs(Modems)
Type 1: Huawei MT 800, Huawei MT 880, Huawei MT 882,DareGlobal DB 108 models. All these models have one Ethernet port and one USB port.

Type 2: Huawei WA1003A. This model has one Ethernet port,one USB port and Wi-Fi module for security purposes.

Type 3: Huawei MT 841. This model has four Ethernet ports,one USB port.

Type 4: Huawei MT 841 with Wi-Fi. This model has four Ethernet ports,one USB port and Wi-Fi module for security purposes.

Bsnl Broadband is based on ADSL Technology. It uses PPPOE protocol for authentication and accounting the user access. The ADSL Modem supplied by bsnl is a multifeatured powerful router. This ADSL Modem can be configured in two modes.

Bridge Mode:
All ADSL Modems by default come with Bridge Mode setting. This is factory's default setting. All these modems uses PPPOE protocol. So we have to install PPPOE client software on our P.C. This software is inbuilt with Windows XP. So for Windows XP systems we need not require this software. But for Other operating systems we require this software. Some PPPOE client softwares are available on the internet for free.

PPPOE Router Mode:
In this mode there is no need to install PPPOE client software on our P.C. This software is inbuilt in modem. In order to get internet we have to give some settings in ADSL Modem and also we have to give some settings to TCP/IP properties of our P.C. In my next article(Bsnl Broadband Configuration) I will clearly explain those settings to you. It is very simple. You can also do the settings to your P.C after reading that article.

In PPPOE Router mode the modem works as a Router and the PPPOE session terminates on WAN port of Router(For understanding Router please read my article “Local Area Network” under NETWORKING section in the same blog). In this mode we can use the advanced features of Router and powerful diagnostic tool for trouble shooting the connection problem. This mode has got all the advanced features like Firewall,IP Address lists,VPN Pass through,NAT,Port Forwarding.

Bsnl Broadband Tariff details:
The following charges are common to all home and business users.

Registration Fees: Rs 100

Installation Charges: Rs 250

Type I Modem Rs 1200,Type II Modem Rs 1800,Type III Modem Rs 1200,Type -IV Modem Rs 1800

Note: Telephone rental as usual.

Home Plans:

Start Up Plan 250:
Bandwidth: 256 Kbps
Monthly charges: Rs 250
Download/upload Limit per Month: 1 GB
Additional usage charges/MB: Rs 0.90
Security Deposit: NIL
Night Unlimited(0200-0800 Hrs): Not available

Home 500 Plan:
Bandwidth: 256 Kbps
Monthly charges: Rs 500
Download/upload Limit per Month: 2.5 GB
Additional usage charges/MB: Rs 0.80
Security Deposit: NIL
Night Unlimited(0200-0800 Hrs): YES

Home 1000 Plan:
Bandwidth: 384 Kbps
Monthly charges: Rs 1000
Download/upload Limit per Month: 5 GB
Additional usage charges/MB: Rs 0.80
Security Deposit: One Month plan charges
Night Unlimited(0200-0800 Hrs): YES

Home UL 900:
Bandwidth: 256 Kbps
Monthly charges: Rs 900
Download/upload Limit per Month: Unlimited
Security Deposit: One Month plan charges

Business Plans:

Business 700 plan:
Bandwidth: 256 Kbps
Single/Multi user: SU
Monthly charges: Rs 700
Download/upload Limit per Month: 4 GB
Additional usage charges/MB: Rs 0.80
Security Deposit: One Month rental

Business 1200 plan:
Bandwidth: 256 Kbps
Single/Multi user: SU
Monthly charges: Rs 1200
Download/upload Limit per Month: 8 GB
Additional usage charges/MB: Rs 0.80
Security Deposit: One Month rental

Business 3000 plan:
Bandwidth: 512 Kbps
Single/Multi user: MU
Monthly charges: Rs 3000
Download/upload Limit per Month: 20 GB
Additional usage charges/MB: Rs 0.50
Security Deposit: One Month rental

Business 5000 plan:
Bandwidth: 1 Mbps
Single/Multi user: MU
Monthly charges: Rs 5000
Download/upload Limit per Month: 35 GB
Additional usage charges/MB: Rs 0.50
Static IP Address(on request): ONE
Web hosting space(on request): 5 MB
Domain Name(on request): ONE
Security Deposit: One Month rental

Business 9000 plan:
Bandwidth: 2 Mbps
Single/Multi user: MU
Monthly charges: Rs 9000
Download/upload Limit per Month: 75 GB
Additional usage charges/MB: Rs 0.50
Static IP Address(on request): ONE
Web hosting space(on request): 5 MB
Domain Name(on request): ONE
Security Deposit: Rs 5000

Most Important Facts you have to remember:

Any data transfer whether it is browsing,mail.chat,voice etc, is counted as download and similarly upload also.

With 1 GB(1024 MB) download limit we can do the following:

An average web page is about 50 kb in size. So we can visit 20,000 web pages for 1GB.

An hour of web surfing will be around 10 MB(with out any other downloads from those pages). So we can surf for 100 Hrs for 1 GB.

An hour of streamed radio will use about 15-20 MB.

An hour of streamed Video will use about 100-150 MB.

An hour of Online game will use about 10-15 MB

We can send 100000 e-mails(without any attachments) for 1 GB limit.

We can download around 350-500 High resolution images(each 2 t0 3 MB size) or 350-500 MP3 Music files for 1 GB limit.

How to make a network printer?

Start the computer to which printer is connected. Swich on the printer also. Now from control panel select “printers and other hardware”. Now select printers & faxes. Now you will find your printer icon here. Right click on the printer icon. You will notice sharing option. Click sharing. Now click “if you understand the security risks but want to share printers without running the wizard,click here”. Now click “just enable printer sharing”. Now click “share this printer”. Then a name appears in share name box. Remember that name. Now click apply then click o.k. Now your printer is ready for sharing on the network. Now hand symbol appears under the printer icon.

Now for connecting this printer to another computer on the same network,first on that client computer. Then Click the start button and open printers and faxes. Then you will find “Add a printer” wizard on the top left corner of the window. Click add a printer. Then click next. Select “a network printer,or a printer attached to another computer” radio button. Now click next. Select “browse for a printer” radio button. Click next. Then in that screen you will find the name of the main computer to which printer is connected. Just double click that. Then you will find the printer name. Select that name and click next. It will give a message “Would you like to continue? Yes or NO”. Click YES. Now click finish. Now printer icon is available in the client computer also. You can give print command from this computer also.

What are peer to peer,server based networks?

Peer to Peer Networks:

In peer to peer networks each station on the network treats each other station as an equal or peer. This is also called a workgroup.There is no specialized server which provide internet connection sharing,file,print,mail,fax,web,dns,dhcp,database,certificate,
firewall,application,communications,remote access services to all the other stations.

Any printer,hard drive,CD drive,floppy drive, or scanner located on any one station can share access with all the other stations on the network. When you share a resource,such as a printer then the computer that shares the resource becomes the server and the computer that accesses the shared resource becomes the client. In peer to peer networks we can both share resources and access shared resources equally. Our computer can be both a server and a client at the same time.

In peer to peer networks there are generally 10 or fewer workstations. Users act as their own administrator and security. There are security features in peer to peer networks also which will allow you to grant or remove access to shared resources on your computer. Limited growth in peer to peer networks.

Served Based Networks:

These networks have specialized servers which provide internet connection sharing, file,print,mail,fax,web,dns,dhcp,database,certificate, communications,firewall,
application,remote access services to all the other stations. Server based networks supports many users. We can get greater security in server based networks. We can have central administration,centralized backup in server based networks.

Note: Articles on Windows NT,Windows 2000 Server,Windows 2003 Server will come soon on my blog under the same NETWORKING section.

Download Rediff Bol 8.0

With new Rediff Bol 8.0 you can also talk with your friends and family in addition to send SMS messages and instant messages to them.

The new Rediff Bol 8.0 has new feature TALK and SEE. This feature allows you to see and be seen by the person you are chatting with. You can send talkies with Rediff Bol 8.0. You can create your persona with Avatars with Rediff Bol 8.0.

The new Rediff Bol Now in Hindi also.

Download New Rediff Bol 8.0

Author: Rediff.com

Download Yahoo Messenger with voice(8.1)

You can call your friends for free with PC to PC calling in yahoo messenger. Add a friend and then we can talk for hours for free with our friends by just clicking the call button in yahoo messenger. All PC to PC calls world wide are free.

PHONE IN
If we sign up for Phone In then we can receive calls on our computer. We can get own personal phone number for 2.49 dollars per month. If anybody calls that number it rings to our computer. Then we simply click Accept Call and start talking. If we are not online then calls go to voice mail. We can check them anytime for free.

PHONE OUT
If we sign up for Phone Out then we can make calls to landlines and mobile phones. Calls are easy to make,manage and customize around how you phone. Get started for as little as 10 dollars prepaid credit. PC to Phone call rates start as low as 1 cent per minute in the U.S. For London,Canada also call rate is 1 cent per minute. Beijing,Madrid call rate is 1.5 cent per minute. Tokyo,Mexico call rate is 1.9 cent per minute. Bangalore call rate is 9.9 cent per minute. For other countries call rates and for full details visit the following site.

Download Yahoo Messenger 8.1 with voice

Author: Yahoo

Get new Internet Explorer 7.0

Microsoft designs Internet explorer 7.0 with new look and simple.

Internet explorer introduces Tabbed Browsing. With the help of Tabbed Browsing we can open multiple windows in one internet explorer window. Navigation was improved through Tabbed Browsing.

We can search the web from the toolbar of Internet Explorer. We can use our favourite search engine to search the internet.

All of us know that RSS Feeds deliver Latest News and information to us. Internet explorer supports RSS Feeds. So now we can subscribe to RSS Feeds through Internet explorer 7.0 and can get latest news and information.

Internet Explorer 7.0 supports advanced printing. It automatically shrinks text for improved printing so that all the content fits on final printed page. Print options include adjustable margins, customizable page layouts, removable headers and footers, and changeable print space.

Internet Explorer 7.0 has improved security features. Internet Explorer 7.0 provides security through a robust new architecture. Internet Explorer's security features protect you against malicious software like spyware,adware etc. Your personal data will be safe with these new security features.

Inorder to install Internet Explorer 7.0 You must have Licensed O.S

Download Internet Explorer 7.0

Software Developer: Microsoft

GTA Vicecity Stories(PSP version) Details:

GTA Vicecty stories is the newly released PSP GTA game. GTA Vicecity stories offers a significant improvement over GTA Liberty city stories released in last year on PSP. The new title Vice city stories offers lengthy missions with multi objectives. This game has 10 multiplayer modes. Six players can play via adhoc,no online play.

Victor Vance is the hero of the game. He is the brother of Lance Vance of old GTA Vice city character. At First he worked in military under a corrupted, psychotic commanding officer. He picks up drugs for his commanding officer and do illegal activities for his officer. After some time he thrown out of army. Then he enters the crime world and do all the things like the other GTA Series hero's.

In this game we can find improved water effects than any other GTA series game. We can find variety of missions in this game. Like the other GTA games we can find weapons,vehicles,Radio stations etc. we can have new vehicles like peppy jet-ski,off-road ATV etc, in this game.This game has excellent graphics than GTA Liberty city stories. Soundtrack is excellent with tunes from the 80's. You can find more than 100 songs of 80s glory. Overall we can give 9 out of 10. Every PSP owner must own this game. Remember one thing,this game doesnot move the series forward in any meaningful way. I think GTA 4 will move the series forward in a meaningful way. All we wait for GTA 4.

What is IP Address and Subnet Masks?

IP Address is the set of numbers which uniquely identifies the machine on a network and the network to which it is attached. IP Address identifies the machine's connection to the network but not the machine itself. When a machine's location on the network changes,the IP address also changes. TCP/IP uses this 32 bit IP Address to identify a machine on a network and the network to which it is attached.

The machine on a network is called as Host. Each TCP/IP host is identified by a unique IP Address. Internally each IP Address is separated into two parts network ID and a Host ID.

The network ID identifies a single network segment within the larger internetwork. Internetwork is a network of networks. All machines that are access to the same network have a common network ID. The host ID identifies a TCP/IP node within each network. A node may be a workstation or server or router or other TCP/IP device.

IP Addresses are four sets of 8 bits,totally 32 bits. IP Addresses are usually expressed in decimal notation instead of long binary strings. These 8 bit octets are converted to decimal numbers and separated by periods. For example 192.168.1.2 is an IP Address.

There are 5 IP Address classes. Out of these 5 three classes are used for assignment to TCP/IP nodes. They are Class A,B and C.

The IP Address class defines which bits are used for network ID and host ID parts of each address. It also defines howmany networks and hosts per network can be supported.

For example p.q.r.s represent the four octet values in any IP Address.

For Class A the value of p is 1-126. First octet p represents network ID. The remaining 3 octets q.r.s represents Host ID. Class A supports 126 networks and 16,777,214 hosts per network.

For Class B the value of p is 128-191. First two octets p.q represents network ID. The last two octets r.s represents Host ID. Class B supports 16,384 networks and 65,534 hosts per network.

For Class C the value of p is 192-223. First three octets p.q.r represents network ID. The last octet s represents Host ID. Class C supports 20,97,152 networks and 254 hosts per network.

Subnet Masks:

Subnet Mask is also a 32 bit number. Subnet Mask identifies Network ID and Host ID parts within the IP Address. Subnet Mask uses bit groups of all ones to identify the network ID and uses bit groups of all zeroes to identify the Host ID parts of an IP Address.

For example take IP Address 192.168.1.2 The value of first octet is 192. So this is Class C IP Address. p.q.r represents network ID and s represents Host ID. So for above IP address network ID is 192.168.1 and Host ID is 2.

For the above IP Address Subnet Mask number is 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 In decimal notation it is 255.255.255.0

For Class A IP Address Subnet mask is 255.0.0.0
For Class B IP Address Subnet mask is 255.255.0.0

Note: Articles on Windows NT,Windows 2000 Server,Windows 2003 Server will come soon on my blog under the same NETWORKING section.

What is TCP/IP Protocol?

Protocol is a pre defined set of rules. When nations conduct business between them then they follow certain rules so that everything proceeds smoothly. Similarly if one computer is communicating with another one then they both must follow a pre defined set of rules called protocol. If they follow the protocol properly then only message will be transferred from one machine to other,regardless of what type of machines they are and what operating systems they run. Communications are possible with the help of a software that can manage the protocol. That software is nothing but TCP/IP.

TCP/IP is a software based communications protocol that provides network services such as remote logins,remote file transfers, and electronic mail. It transfers information from one machine to another. It provides reliable transfer of data. TCP/IP handle errors in transmission.manage the routing of data,manage the delivery of data and control the transmission by the use of predetermined status signals. TCP/IP was designed with layers. TCP/IP responsible for assembling data passed from higher layer applications into standard packets and ensuring that the data is transferred correctly.

TCP/IP is a combination of two protocols transmission control protocol and Internet protocol. Internet protocol is responsible for moving the packets of data assembled by TCP across networks. It uses a set of unique addresses(IP Addresses)for every device on the network to determine routing and destinations. Internet protocol main tasks are addressing of datagrams of information between computers and managing the fragmentation process of these datagrams. The protocol has a formal definition of the layout of a datagram of information and the information of a header composed of information about the datagram. IP is responsible for the routing of a datagram and determines where it will be sent .

IP does not guarantee datagram's delivery. It has no reliability. It simply handles the routing of datagrams. If problem occurs IP discards the packet and generate an ICMP error message to the sender. But TCP takes the charge if problems occur. TCP provides reliable transfer of data. TCP is responsible for ensuring the transfer of a datagram from the source to the destination machine and receive acknowledge receipt of the datagram from the destination machine.

Note: Articles on Windows NT,Windows 2000 Server,Windows 2003 Server will come soon on my blog under the same NETWORKING section.

What is a Wide Area Network?

Introduction:

A set of computers and peripherals connected together by a medium is called a network. All these devices on the netwok communicate with each other through a protocol. All these devices on a netwok can be in the same room or scattered through a building or scattered in different buildings or different cities. All these devices can be separated by many miles by the use of dedicated telephone lines or microwave etc.

Peripherals are nothing but Printers,Scanners,Modems,Plotters etc.
Protocol is a predefined set of rules.

Wide area network:

If these devices on a network are scattered in different buildings,or different cities and these devices setup into several LAN's that are joined together into a larger structure called a Wide area network(WAN).

A Wan is composed of two or more Lan's. All these Lan's joined by a telephone line or dedicated cable. One or more machines act as the link between each Lan and Wan. These linking machines are called gateways. Depending on tasks perfomed by these linking machines,they are also called as Router and Bridge.

We all know Internet is not a single network. Internet is a collection of networks that communicate with each other through gateways.Gateways act as a relay between networks. It passes data from network to network searching for a destination address. Networks talk to each other through gateways. Gateways perform protocol translation from one network to another.

Bridge connects two or more networks that use the same protocol.

Router forwards datagrams around the network.

Note: Articles on Windows NT,Windows 2000 Server,Windows 2003 Server will come soon on my blog under the same NETWORKING section.

What is a Local Area Network?

Introduction:

A set of computers and peripherals connected together by a medium is called a network. All these devices on the netwok communicate with each other through a protocol. All these devices on a netwok can be in the same room or scattered through a building or scattered in different buildings or different cities. All these devices can be separated by many miles by the use of dedicated telephone lines or microwave etc.

Peripherals are nothing but Printers,Scanners,Modems,Plotters etc.
Protocol is a predefined set of rules.

Local Area Network:

If the devices on a network are located in a single place such as a building or a group of rooms,they are called a local area network. Usually all these devices on the network are connected by a single type of network cable in Lan's.

LAN Topologies:

The main dominant Lan topologies are Bus,Hub(Star) and ring.

Bus Topology:

Bus network consists of a single linear cable called a Bus(or Backbone). Each device is attached to this backbone through a junction box or transceiver. From each transceiver another short cable runs to the device's netwok adapter. Signal bounce is eliminated by a terminator at each end of the bus. Barrel connectors can be used to lengthen the cable. For regenerating signals Repeaters are used.Each device has a special address. Data is sent to all devices on the backbone. Each device examines every packet and accepts only messages addressed to them.

Main advantage of bus network is that it allows for a high speed bus. But performance degrades when more devices are added to the bus. Bus topology is good for small network. The entire network goes down if the backbone goes down.

Hub Topology:

This network uses a main cable called the backplane. From the backplane set of cables goes to hubs. All devices are connected to the ports of these hubs. We can set up small hub network with standard Ethernet cables. Also we can set up large hub network by using a high speed fibre optic backplane.The hub networks are easy to set up and maintain.

In this network all devices are connected by cable segments to a centralized hub. Signal travels through the hub to all the computers. The network functions normally if a computer goes down. This network requires more cable.

Ring Topology:

All the devices are connected on a single circle of cable. No termination required as in Bus topology. For regenerating signals no repeaters are used. The computers act as repeaters. The Ring networks are easy to set up and maintain.

Note: Articles on Windows NT,Windows 2000 Server,Windows 2003 Server will come soon on my blog under the same NETWORKING section.

How to make stock charts open in www.nseindia.com,www.bseindia.com and any other Web sites for Windows Xp users?

For any serious stock investor stock charts are very important. Before buying or selling stocks,stock investors analyze stock charts. After analyzing the charts they will take decision whether to buy,sell or not. So stock charts are one of the key points at the time of buying or selling stocks.

Unfortunately for Windows Xp users stock charts are not opening from nseindia.com,bseindia.com and some other sites. By default Win Xp is bundled with internet Explore 6.0. Unfortunately Sun Micro systems withdrawn support of J2SE Runtime Environment(JRE) to Win Xp. So java applications like stock charts are not opening for windows Xp users.

We have to download that software JRE 5.0 Update 9 for running stock charts. Go to http://java.sun.com site. On the main page you will find Downloads tab. Click downloads. Under Java technology click java SE. In this window you will find Java Run time environment(JRE) 5.0 Update 9. By the side of it you will find Download button. Just click it. In this window click the radio button “Accept license agreement”. Below this button you will find Windows Platform - J2SE Runtime Environment 5.0 Update 9. Below this you will find two files. You can download any one of the two files.

First file will download complete(JRE) 5.0 Update 9 software. After downloading this file you can install it.

Where as second file downloads only application file(245.76 kb). First download it. Then double click that file and install JRE from net. So while installing your computer must be connected to internet.

Thank You for visiting my Blog.

HAPPY INVESTMENT

Submit Site to Google,Yahoo,MSN Search and all other Search Engines. Submission is Free and Easy

Open www.google.com. At the top right hand corner of the page you will find Sign in link. Click that link. Then Google Accounts page will come. First create Google Account. So click create an account now link. Then it will ask your current email address and ask to choose some password for google account. After giving all details click create my account link.

Then Google will send verification link to your email address. First open your email box and click the verification link then only Google will activate your account. So your account is created.

open https://www.google.com/webmasters/sitemap. Then sign in to your account by giving email and password. Then in your account you will find add site box. Type your website in that box and click OK. It will ask site map also. If you have sitemap then give it. If you donot have sitemap then no problem. Forget about Sitemap. Google will take it's own time for indexing your webpages in Google. It depends on your website type,designing etc.

For one of my websites Google has taken just one day for indexing my pages. I have submitted my second site 5 days back. Still Google kept it in pending. So for this site it will take it's own time for indexing my pages.

Check your account regularly whether your site is accepted by Google or not. I will tell you simple check. Open www.google.com. In the search box type your website and click search. If Google shows your site in search results then your site is accepted by Google. If google does not show your site then your site is still not accepted by Google.

For submitting your site to Yahoo, open http://search.yahoo.com. You will find link at the bottom right corner of the page. Click submit your site link. In that page click submit your site for free link. Then it will ask Your yahoo ID and password. Type your yahoo ID and password and sign in. In that page it will ask submit url. Type your complete url and submit it. In the same page you can submit your site feed also. If you donot know your site feed no problem forget about it. Yahoo also take it's own time for indexing your pages.

For submitting your site to MSN Search open www.live.com site. In Live Search box Type your site and click search. In that page it will give message: we did not find your site. In the same page at bottom you will find link send the address to us. Click that link then type your url and submit it. Very simple. MSN also take it's own time for indexing your pages.

For submitting your site to 100+ search Engines, Open http://www.submitplus.com. In that page you will find links Free Top 10!, Free Best 100! First click Free Top 10! Link. Then type your URL and Email in the given boxes and click submit button. Then your site will be submitted to 10 search engines at free of cost.

Now click Best 100 link. Then in that page you will find select your engines. Click on that and choose pages 1-20. Then in another small window it shows 20 search engines with submit links. Submit your site to one by one by giving the details asked by that particular search engine. But in these lists some search engines are paid sites. So leave paid search engines and submit your site to free search engines. Try to submit your site to all given 100 search engines.If you want to submit your site to some more search engines then do like this. Open http://www.google.com. Then in the search box type search engines then click search. Google will show so many search engines. You just open every search engine site and check for submit your site link. Then submit your site to that particular search engine. This only requires a lot of patience. So you can submit your site to a lot of search engines freely. O.K !

Design Your Own Website using HTML

In this article I will tell you a simple webpage design using HTML and how to host it on www.freewebs.com. This article is for newbies only.

HTML documents use TAGS. A tag is a string in the language surrounded by a less than (<) and a greater (>) than sign. An opening tag is a string that does not begin with a slash (/). An ending tag is a string that begins with a slash (/). The region between an opening tag and a closing tag with the same string is referred to as an element.

An opening<html> and a closing </html> tag should surround the entire html document. We should also find opening and closing tags for <head> and <body> elements. An HTML document code should appear as shown below.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
.....
</HEAD>
<BODY>
.....
</BODY>
</HTML>

I will tell you some other simple tags.

The title of the HTML document is placed between the opening<TITLE> and closing </TITLE> tags. <TITLE> tags are placed within the <HEAD> tags.

<HR> tag places a horizontal Rule. This tag is within the <BODY> tags.

<BR> tag represents a line break

<P> tag represents a paragraph break.

<H1> ..... </H1> tags represents a level 1 heading.

<H2> ..... </H2> tags represents a level 2 heading.

<CENTER> ..... </CENTER> tags aligns the text between them centrally.

BGCOLOR this attribute is used in the opening <BODY> tag for setting the background color of Webpage.

If you want to give a link to yahoomail from your site, you can do that with the help of <A> tags like this.

<A HREF=http://www.yahoomail.com>yahoomail</A> Result : Thease tags underline yahoomail. So if you click yahoomail then it will take you to www.yahoomail.com

Now Design A simple Webpage:

Open Notepad. Type the following html code in Notepad and save it with a file name with an .html extension.(EX: save as index.html)

<html>
<head>
<title>Homepage of Praneel</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=orange>
<h1><center>MY HOMEPAGE</center></h1>
<hr>
<h1>Praneel</h1>
D/No: 1-11 <br>
M.G. Road <br>
Vijayawada<br>
<hr>
<h1>About Me</h1>
I am studying 10th class in Adithya Public School,Vijayawada.
<p>
My present Aim is to get state rank.
<hr>
<h1>My links</h1>
<a href=http://www.yahoomail.com>yahoomail</a>
<hr>
</body>
</html>

Now save this as index.html then open the file in internet explorer. Now your Webpage will be like this.

Now I will tell you how to host this on www.freewebs.com site. Hosting is free.

Open www.freewebs.com. Then sign up for a free account. Choose a username and password and give email address and other details. Tick their terms and conditions. Click Next Step. Then click I AGREE.Then choose HTML mode then type your full name and choose site category then click nextstep. Now it will ask some details. It is optional so donot give any details. At top right corner you will find “Nothanks continue” link. Click that link. Then Welcome to freewebs link come.

Now click site manager. Here you will find upload a file. So you can upload your notepad file. Remember onething. You have to name your file as index.html in order to upload to freewebs site.

One thing is important. Freewebs site will send a verification link to your email address which you have given during filling the details for freewebs account. So open your email box and click the verification link sent by the freewebs site.

Now click upload a file. In the box give the path of your's index.html file by clicking the browse button. Now click upload file button. Then your index.html file will be uploaded to freewebs site. I have given user name as praneel. So my website name is like this.
http://www.freewebs.com/praneel Now you can check this site on net.

You can edit your index.html file at anytime and you can save it. For this open www.freewebs.com site. Then give your username and password and goto your account. There click Site manager button. Then you can observe your index.html file with EDIT,RENAME,DEL buttons. Click edit buttion then your html code will be open in another window. Do the necessary changes then go to file menu of WebEdit 1.9(Not internet explorer file menu) and click save. Then your index.html will be saved.

Without knowing HTML, You can also create your website at freewebs.com. For this do like this.

Open www.freewebs.com. Then sign up for a free account. Choose a username and password and give email address and other details. Tick their terms and conditions. Click Next Step. Then click I AGREE.Then Do not choose HTML mode. Here you have to choose one of the templates of Freewebs.com site. Rest of the procedure is almost same as above.

How can you create HTML links?

1. Create a link to a site

Suppose we have text like below.

“If you want to download yahoo messenger please click here”.

Suppose you want to make the word “click” link to http://messenger.yahoo.com Then do like this.

Place <A> tag before CLICK and </A> tag after CLICK like this in the above sentence.

If you want to download yahoo messenger please <A>click</A> here.

Next in the <A> tag place the HREF attribute like this.

If you want to download yahoo messenger please
<A HREF=“http://messenger.yahoo.com” >click</A> here.

So we have create a link to yahoo messenger site.

2. Create a link to a page located in your computer.

If suppose you have “sai.html” document located in your computer.If you want to create a link to it then do like this

<A HREF=“sai.html” >sai</A>

3. Create a link to your e-mail address.

If suppose your e-mail address is sai122@yahoo.com then you will create a link to your e-mail address like this.
<A HREF=“mailto:sai122@yahoo.com” >e-mail me</A>

HTML Table Tags

1. <TABLE> ..... </TABLE>
These html tags specify data between them as a table. For kepting data in table you can use data cells.

2. <TABLE BORDER> ..... </TABLE>
Html does not display borders around the cells of the table. If you use BORDER attribute then html display borders using the lines.

3. <TABLE WIDTH=576> ..... </TABLE>
With the help of WIDTH attribute we can set the width of the table.

4. <TABLE ALIGN=CENTER> ..... </TABLE>
With these html tags table is created centrally on the screen.

5. <TABLE>
<CAPTION>caption of the table</CAPTION>
< ! - - table data - ->
</TABLE>
In between caption tags we can put a caption to the table.

6. <TABLE>
<CAPTION>caption of the table</CAPTION>
<TH>name 1<TH>name 2<TH>name 3
< ! - - table data - ->
</TABLE>
With <TH> tag we can put heading to cells. The text after <TH> tag is heading of a cell. In the above table there are three columns. So with the help of <TH> tags I put headings to three columns as above. Inside <TD> tag we can use ALIGN attributes left,center,right,justify for aligning the text.

7. <TR>
This tag creates new row of data.

8. <TABLE>
<CAPTION>caption of table</CAPTION>
<TH>name 1<TH>name 2<TH>name3
<TR><TD>some data<TD>some data<TD>some data
</TABLE>
There are three data cells in the above code. We can put data to the table after <TD> tag.

9. <TD></TD>
Since there is no data between <TD>tags this will become a blank data cell.

10. <TABLE>
<TR ALIGN=CENTER><TD>some data<TD>some data<TD>some data
</TABLE>
Since Align attribute center is in <TR> tag,the data in all data cells aligns centrally in data cells.

11. <TABLE>
<TR ALIGN=CENTER><TD>some data<TD ALIGN=LEFT>some data<TD>some data
</TABLE>
Here the data in second cell aligns left where as the data in first and third data cells aligns centrally in datacells.

12. <TABLE>
<TR VALIGN=TOP><TD>some data<TD>some data<TD>some data
</TABLE>
By VALIGN attribute we can do vertical alignment. In above table data is aligned to top of the data cells in the entire row.

13. <TABLE CELLSPACING=8> ..... </TABLE>
By using above attribute we can control the space between cells in a table.

14. <TABLE CELLPADDING=6> ..... </TABLE>
By using the above attribute we can set the distance from the cell edge to the cell data.

Tags For Formating The Body Text

1. <I> ..... </I>
These html tags italicize the text between them.

2. <B> ..... </B>
These html tags bold the text between them.

3. <FONT SIZE=7> ..... </FONT>
These html tags make the font size of the text between them to 7.
Size can be specified by any integer between 1 and 7.

4. <FONT COLOR=#FF0000> ..... </FONT>
These html tags make the font color of the text between them to red.

5. <FONT FACE= “ARIAL” > ..... </FONT>
These html tags make the font of the text between them to Arial.

6. <FONT SIZE=7 COLOR=#FF0000 FACE= “ARIAL” > ..... </FONT>
These html tags make the font size of the text between them to 7,font color of the text between them to red and font of the text between them to Arial.

7. <U> ..... </U>
These html tags underline the text between them.

8. <SUB> ..... </SUB>
These html tags place any text between them below the level of the line and in a smaller font.

9. <SUP> ..... </SUP>
These html tags place any text between them above the level of the line and in a smaller font.

10. <STRIKE> ..... </STRIKE>
These html tags place any text between them in strikethrough style.

11. <H1> ..... </H1>
These html tags identify text between them as a heading. This is level 1 heading. A total of six level headings are in HTML Language. Level 6 heading tags are <H6> ..... </H6> .The largest heading is <H1>. The smallest heading is <H6>. So Html enables users to identify headings and subheadings through these tags.

12. <H1 ALIGN=LEFT> ..... </H1>
These html tags align the level 1 heading to the left of the window.

13. <H2 ALIGN=CENTER> ..... </H2>
These html tags align the level 2 heading to the center of the window.

13. <H6 ALIGN=RIGHT> ..... </H6>
These html tags align the level 6 heading to the right of the window.

Which is the Most Favourite PC Game of Indian Kids?

I am observing children who are playing PC games since 2000. At that time children of age 10 and above are interested in PC games and very few children of age below 10 are interested in PC games.

Most of them started playing Dos games like Prince,Mario etc., at the beginning. After that they started playing Roadrash,Claw,Cricket 2000,NFS 2 Special edition,Tarzan the action game,Age of empires,Midtown madness,Commandos behind enemy lines,Frogger2,GTA 2,Maxpaynee etc.

In holidays all of the children spent their time in playing above games. They spent lot of time in playing Roadrash,Claw,NFS 2,Age of empires,Maxpaynee. Many of them played NFS 2 Se in double player mode. But out of the above children some are attracted to GTA 2. They not only played the above games but also spent lot of time in playing GTA 2.

In 2002 GTA 3 released. Then all the children attracted to GTA 3. Not only GTA 2 fans but also all the children attracted to GTA 3. In holidays they spent most of their leisure time in playing GTA 3. Ofcourse they spent some time in playing other Action games,First person shooter games,Racing games,Cricket 2002 released at that time.

In 2003 GTA Vice city released. At that time kids of age between 6 to 10 are also attracted to Vice City game. In holidays they used to play Vice City game regularly. At that time the younger brothers of these kids are watching the game while their elder brothers are playing.

In 2005 GTA Sanandreas released. From 2005 all the children of age 4 and above are also playing GTA Sanandreas.

Have these children really understood the game?

Are these children playing the game missions wise?

Why these kids are attracting to GTA series Games?

For getting answers to the above questions I have observed those kids and children while they are playing.

The elder children understood the game and they are playing Missions wise. But all the children are playing the game using cheats.

What about kids & Younger children?
These guys really did not understand the game. Also they are not playing the game missions wise. These kids & younger children learnt cheats from their elder brothers then playing the game.

The kids are enjoying the game by get in a car and take a ride on the streets of Sanandreas. With the help of cheats the kids are getting different vehicles,different weapons etc., They simply use those weapons & vehicles and enjoying the game.

In Vice City kids are using the following cheats most frequently.

While playing the game they are typing PANZER then a tank is coming into the game. With that tanker they are going on the streets of vice city and blowing everything.

While playing the game they are typing GETTHEREAMAZINGLYFAST then they are getting the fastest car. Then they are typing another cheat COMEFLYWITHME then car is flying in the air like this.

Next they are enjoying by riding vehicles on the streets like this.

In Sanandreas kids are using the following cheats most frequently.

They are typing ROCKETMAN cheat then flying with jet pack like this.

They are typing JUMPJET cheat then aeroplane is coming. With the aeroplane they are flying over the city and blasting everything on the streets.

Then they are typing MONSTERMASH cheat then a small car like below comes. Then they are wondering on the streets of Sanandreas with that car.

Not only the above cheats,they are using so many cheats.

Not only kids,children but also college students are also playing these GTA series games in their leisure time. College students are also playing Cricket 2005,Action&First person shooter games,Wrestling games but they are spending most of their leisure time in playing GTA Series games.

Now All of these Kids,Children,College Students are waiting eagerly for PC versions of GTA Liberty City Stories,GTA Vice city Stories and GTA 4.

Latest Video Game Hits

P.C

World in Conflict
Medal of Honor: Airborne
BioShock
Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword
TrackMania United
Overlord
DIRT
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Halo 2
Lara Croft Tomb Raider: Anniversary
Resident Evil 4
The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar

PS2

Madden NFL 08
Obscure II
Rugby 08
Shin Megami Tensei: Persona 3
NCAA Football 08
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
GrimGrimoire
Lara Croft Tomb Raider: Anniversary
Odin Sphere

PS3

Skate
DIRT
Warhawk
Tiger Woods PGA Tour 08
Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter 2
Madden NFL 08
NCAA Football 08
Ninja Gaiden Sigma
Super Stardust HD
Ninja Gaiden Sigma
Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas
The Darkness
The Bigs
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Super Stardust HD

PSP

Dead Head Fred
Monster Hunter Freedom 2
Lara Croft Tomb Raider: Anniversary
Madden NFL 08
Dragon Ball Z: Shin Budokai - Another Road

XBOX

Madden NFL 08
NCAA Football 08
Call of Duty 3
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell Double Agent
Need for Speed Carbon

XBOX 360

Skate
Medal of Honor: Airborne
John Woo Presents Stranglehold
MotoGP 07
Tiger Woods PGA Tour 08
BioShock
Blue Dragon
Madden NFL 08
FlatOut: Ultimate Carnage
NCAA Football 08
Bomberman Live
FlatOut: Ultimate Carnage
Call of Juarez

GAMECUBE

Madden NFL 08
Disney's Meet The Robinsons

Grand Theft Auto Liberty City stories Details

GTA Liberty City Stories released in US on 24th October 2005. In Europe it will be released on First quarter of 2006. At present it is available on PSP(play station portable) and Playstation2 only.

The Liberty city in GTA Liberty city stories is same as Liberty city of GTA 3. Compared to GTA 3 Some changes are made to the Liberty city layout. Rockstar games uses the same 3D engine of GTA 3 for this latest game also. Many of the same characters and gangs of GTA 3 are also found in GTA Liberty city stories. The islands in this game are also same as the islands in the PS2 GTA 3 version. But Story Line is different.You can save the game only at three safe houses.

As in GTA 3 there are crime families in Liberty city. These families fight with each other. Each of them wants to establish as the ruling crime party. Leone's family is one of the leading crime party in the city.Our hero Toni is a Leone crime family member. He works for DON Salvatore. Captain Vincenzo Cilli gives missions to Toni. Some missions are for earning cash and some missions came as part of story. Most of the Missions are simple in GTA Liberty City stories. In most of the missions we have to steel a car and driving it back to a location or blowing up tanks of gang members. In all the missions we have to destroy things,we have to collect things. Most of the missions satisfy you. There are some bad missions too.

There are different radio stations in this game. There are 10 radio stations in this game. The Hip-Hop and world music stations are excellent. Each station features six or seven tunes. You have races on each island. About 24 racing tracks are there. About 70 different vehicles are used in this game. Vans,Firetrucks,Scooters,Ambulances,Bigrigs and many more used in this game. You will find all weapons in this game also like the other GTA series games.

Overall the game is with excellent graphics, excellent Audio effects,hidden bonuses,radio stations with excellent tunes and multiplayer support for up to six players. We can give 85% to 90% grading to this game. The game is ranked 2 out of 674 rated PSP games. GTA Liberty city stories is one of the best PSP games.You can get the game for 40 dollars. Every PSP owner must own this game.

Radeon X1950 Pro Details :

Recently ATI brings new midrange graphics card Radeon X1950 Pro. This is the first graphics card to make use of new native Cross Fire Technology. Cards are available at a price of US $ 199 or EUR 199. ATI's Windows Vista Drivers are available for Radeon X1950 Pro.

The Radeon X1950 Pro delivers the same image quality as ATI's Radeon X1950 XTX. Radeon X1950 XTX has core speed of 650 MHZ,Memory speed of 1.55 GHZ,48 pixel shader processors and 8 vertex shader processors where as Radeon X1950 Pro has core speed of 575 MHZ,Memory speed of 1.38 GHZ,36 pixel shader processors and 8 vertex shader processors. The Radeon X1950 Pro displays 10 -bit color.

Radeon X1950 Pro specifications:

Processor details

Core speed 575 MHZ
Memory Speed 1.38 GHZ
Pixel shader processors 36
Vertex shader processors 8
256 bit 8 channel GDDR3 memory interface
Native PCI Express x16 bus interface
Plug and play Cross Fire technology

Shader Details

Support Direct X 9.0
Shader Model 3.0 vertex and pixel shader support
OpenGL 2.0 support
Full speed 32 bit floating point processing
High dynamic range rendering with floating point blending and anti-aliasing support
High performance dynamic branching and flow control

Avivo Video and Display Engine

New advanced video capabilities, including high fidelity gamma, color correction and scaling
Max monitors supported 2
Max Resolution (external) 2560 x 1600
Advanced DVI capabilities, including 10-bit, 16-bit HDR output
YPrPb component output for direct drive of HDTV displays
Seamless integration of pixel shaders with video in real time
MPEG1/2/4 decode and encode acceleration
All-format DTV/HDTV decoding

NVIDIA GEFORCE 8800 GTX and 8800 GTS cards hit the market soon

Nvidia's Geforce 8800 series cards uses G 80 chip. G 80 is the eighth generation GPU of the Geforce family. These cards will support DirectX 10. DirectX 10 is the new version of direct x 9.0 implemented in Windows Vista by Microsoft. Windows Vista is the only O.S to support DX 10. Windows XP users can not install it. Geforce 8800 series cards supports Shader Model 4.0.

8800 GTX has 128 pixel pipelines clocked at 1350 MHZ and 8800 GTS has 96 pipelines clocked at 1200 MHZ. Where as ATI's X1950XTX has 48 pixel pipelines and Geforce 7900 GTX has 32 pixel pipelines. 8800 GTX requires 450 W power supply where as 8800 GTS requires 400 W power supply.

8800 GTX core clock will be clocked at 575 MHZ where as 8800 GTS core clock will be clocked at 500 MHZ.

8800 GTX cards have 768 MB GDDR3 memory clocked at 900 MHZ where as 8800 GTS cards have 640 MB GDDR3 memory clocked at 900 MHZ.

8800 GTX cards have 384 bit memory interface and memory bandwidth of 86Gb/Second where as 8800 GTS cards have 320 bit memory interface and memory bandwidth of 64 GB/Second.