How to format Hard disk for installing Win NT Server 4.0?

Windows NT supports only FAT 16 and NTFS File system. So you have to format the hard disk using the FAT 16 file system. For that you need MS Dos Boot Diskette(First Floppy of DOS) and Disk Manager software floppy(DM V 9.46).

At first in CMOS settings select first boot device as Floppy. So after selecting first boot device as Floppy then keep the MS Dos Boot Disk in floppy drive then start the computer. The system will boot from MS Dos boot diskette and it comes to A prompt A:\> Then insert Disk manager diskette in floppy drive then run DM from the prompt. If you are installing Seagate harddisk then run DM at the prompt. If you are installing other than Seagate harddisk then run Dm/x at the prompt like this.

First at the A prompt,with the help of CD command change directory to DM like this.
A:\>CD DM then press enter. Then you will change to DM directory like this.
A:\DM> Now type like this if you are installing a disk other than Seagate.
A:\DM>dm/x then press enter(if your disk is Seagate then type dm only instead of dm/x). Now Welcome to disk manager window comes. Just press enter. Again press any key to continue. Then it will display Have you already run the Discwizard software YES or NO. Choose No then press enter.

Now in disk manager main menu select Advanced Options then press enter. Now select Advanced Disk Installation then press enter. Now it will display Diskmanager found 1 drive YES or NO. Select YES then press enter. Now select Dos/Windows 3.1x then press enter. If it gives message like Do you want to use the ONTRACKED.SYS partitions drives? then choose YES then press enter. Now select Define your own then press enter. Suppose If you use 10 GB hard disk then give first partition size as 2147 MB then press enter. Give second partition size also as 2147 MB then press enter. Give third partition size also as 2147 MB then press enter. Give the remaining space as fourth partition then press enter. Now select Save And Continue then press enter. Now press ALT-C to continue. Then select Fast Format and press enter. It will give warning message then select YES and press enter. Then it will begin formating the hard disk and after sometime it asks Dos Boot Diskette. So insert Ms Dos Boot Disk in drive then press enter. Then it will copy files from boot disk,after sometime it will again ask Disk manager Diskette. So insert Disk Manager diskette in drive and press enter. Then it will complete the harddisk partitions. Again press enter. It will display like this. If you will be installing Dos 6.x,it will over write your present Config.sys file now press any key to continue. It will give another message,now again press any key to continue. Now it will give message Disk manager hard disk installation has successfully completed.

Now remove disk manager diskette from drive A then press Control-Alt-Del. Then system will restart and ask enter new date. So enter date in this format MM-DD-YY(11-24-2006) and press enter. Then enter time in this format Hr:Min:Sec(3:27:32) and press enter. Then it will come to C prompt.

Now for installing CD Drive driver,put the driver floppy in drive then at C prompt type like this.
C:\>A: then press enter. Now it will come to A prompt. If your CD Drive is Samsung then at A prompt type like this.
A:\>CDSETUP press enter. Then it will show CD Rom device driver setup just press enter. Then it will install driver. Press enter after setup is completed. Then it will come to C prompt. Now restart the system. If you formatted your harddisk with C,D,E,F partitions,then CD Drive letter will become G.

Now at C prompt type like this.
C:>G: press enter. But it gives message like this:Invalid Drive Specification. It won't detect CD Drive with a letter. So do like this. Keep Dos Boot Diskette in floppy drive. Then at command prompt type like this.
C:\>path A: and press enter. Next at C prompt type like this.
C:\>EDIT CONFIG.SYS then press enter. Then MS Dos editor will open. With the help of down arrow put the cursor below the screen then type
LASTDRIVE=Z:
Then go to file menu and select save then exit from file menu. Now remove the diskette and reboot the system. Now it will detect CD Drive with letter G.

Now your Hard Disk is ready for installing WINDOWS NT SERVER 4.0. Since the disk is formatted in FAT 16 Format you can install Win 98 in C drive and Windows NT Server 4.0 in D drive as dual boot.

Inkless Printing Technology from the Zink(Zero Ink) Team

Waltham based company Zink Imaging,LLC has developed this Zero Ink Technology. With Zink Technology we will get high quality digital images without Ink catridges or Ribbons or Toners.

The Printer size will become so small with this Technology since no Catrigde or Toner is needed. They are introducing this technology first in Camera Phones and Digital Cameras. This technology can transform any device into a printer. The printer can fit in your pocket.

The key to this printing is the special paper designed by Zink Team. The paper is made up of with dye crystals embedded inside and a polymer overcoat layer outside. The Zink Paper looks like normal white photo paper. At the time of printing the Zink Printer uses heat to activate and colorize these crystals.

For further details meet the Zink Team.

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

Currently we are using Internet protocol Version 4 (IPv4). Most of Today's Internet uses IPv4 which is nearly twenty years old. IPv4 has proven to be robust, easily implemented and interoperable. All we know that each device in a network has it's own unique IP address. IPv4 supports 2³² (4,294,967,296) addresses. So it is impossible to give even one address to every living person. In future so many devices will be connected in networks. So there is shortage of IPv4 Addresses in near future. So we must need next generation protocol.

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is the next generation protocol. IPv6 supports 2¹²⁸ (340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456)addresses. Approximately 5 x 10²⁸ addresses for every living person. 128 bit address space provides 655,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 addresses for every square meter of the Earth's surface. IPv6 is expected to gradually replace IPv4. IPv6 fixes a number of problems in IPv4.

It is expected that IPv4 will be supported alongside IPv6 for the foreseeable future. IPv4 only clients/servers will not be able to communicate directly with IPv6 clients/servers, and will require service specific intermediate servers or NAT PT protocol translation servers.

Features of IPv6:

Larger Address space
The addresses of IPv 6 are 128 bits long. 128 bits can express over 3.4 x 10³⁸ possible combinations. The bottom 64 bits would be used for Mac Address of the network card and top 64 bits would be used for routing purposes.

New header format
The new IPv6 header is twice as large as the IPv4 header. The IPv6 header has a new format which keeps header overhead to a minimum. This is achieved by moving both non essential fields and optional fields to extension headers that are placed after the IPv6 header. The streamlined IPv6 header is more efficiently processed at intermediate routers.

Efficient and hierarchical addressing and routing infrastructure
IPv6 global addresses are designed to create an efficient, hierarchical, and summarizable routing infrastructure that is based on the common occurrence of multiple levels of Internet service providers.

Stateless and Stateful Address Configuration
IPv6 supports both stateful address configuration(address configuration in the presence of a DHCP server) and stateless address configuration(address configuration in the absence of a DHCP server). This simplifies host configuration.

IPv6 hosts can be configured automatically. When first connected to a network, a host sends a link local multicast request for its configuration parameters, if configured suitably, routers respond to such a request with a router advertisement packet that contains network layer configuration parameters.

If IPv6 autoconfiguration is not suitable, a host can use stateful autoconfiguration (DHCPv6) or be configured manually. Stateless autoconfiguration is only suitable for hosts, routers must be configured manually or by other means.

Extensibility
We can extend IPv6 easily for new features by adding extension headers after the IPv6 header. IPv4 header supports 40 bytes of options where as the size of IPv6 extension headers is constrained by the size of the IPv6 packet only.

Network Layer Security
IPsec is an integral part of IPv6. IPsec is the protocol for IP network layer encryption and authentication. This protocol provides a standards based solution for network security needs and promotes interoperability between different IPv6 implementations. IPsec support is optional in IPv4.

Faster Routing Performance
The routing performance is faster in IPv6 by using a simpler and more systematic header structure.

Packet Limit
packets are limited to 64 KiB of payload in IPv4. IPv6 has support for for packets over this limit.

Multicast Addresses
In IPv4 Broadcast addresses are used to send traffic to all nodes on a subnet. In IPv6 there are no IPv6 broadcast addresses. A link local scope all nodes multicast address is used in IPv6 instead of broadcast addresses. A multicast address identifies multiple interfaces. Packets addressed to a multicast address are delivered to all interfaces that are identified by the address.

IPv6 Address Notation
IPv6 addresses are represented in eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons. In IPv6, the 128 bit address is devided into eight 16 bit blocks and each 16 bit block is converted to a 4 digit Hexaecimal number and separated by colons.

The following is an valid IPv6 Address in colon hexadecimal format.
2001:0db8:0000: 08d3:1319:8a2e: 00ff: 02aa

In binary form the above one is divided along 16-bit boundaries like this
0010000000000001 0000110110111000 0000000000000000 0000100011010011 0001001100011001 1000101000101110 0000000011111111 0000001010101010

The above IPv6 address in colon hexadecimal format can be futher simplied by removing leading zeros in each 4 digit hexadecimal block. But each block must have atleast a single digit. So the above address can be simplied like below.
2001:db8:0:8d3:1319:8a2e:ff:2aa

For example take this address 2001:db8:0:0:0:0:ff:2aa We can further simplify this type of addresses. A contiguous sequence of 16 bit blocks set to 0 in the colon hexadecimal format can be replaced by “::” ,that is double colon. So we can simplify above address like below.
2001:db8::ff:2aa

In URL's IPv6 address is enclosed in brackets as shown below.
http://[ 2001:db8:0:8d3:1319:8a2e:ff:2aa]/
With this type of notation we can not confuse between IPv6 address and port number as shown below.
http://[ 2001:db8:0:8d3:1319:8a2e:ff:2aa]:220/

IPv6 address types
IPv6 addresses are of three types Unicast,Multicast and Anycast.

A unicast address identifies a single interface within the scope of the type of unicast address. Packets addressed to a unicast address are delivered to a single interface.

A multicast address identifies multiple interfaces. Packets addressed to a multicast address are delivered to all interfaces that are identified by the address.

An anycast address identifies multiple interfaces. Packets addressed to anycast address are delivered to a single interface, that is the nearest interface that is identified by the address.

Microsoft has implemented IPv6 protocol for Windows XP SP1, XP SP2, Windows server 2003 family, Windows CE.NET version 4.1 and later. This can be can be installed and uninstalled as a network protocol through the Network Connections folder.

Microsoft has implemented Next Generation TCP/IP stack in Windows Vista and Windows server Longhorn. The Next Generation TCP/IP stack supports the dual IP layer architecture in which the IPv4 and IPv6 implementations share common Transport and framing layers. The Next Generation TCP/IP stack has both IPv4 and IPv6 installed and enabled by default. There is no need to install a separate component to obtain IPv6 support.

Free Online Storage

There are a number of sites on the net , Which gives you a Free Online Storage Place to upload, store, access, and share your personal videos, photos, movies, music, and files. Depending on the site we will get free storage space of 1 MB to 25 GB. I will introduce a few sites that are offering huge amount of free space to their registered users(Registration is free).

www.streamload.com
This site offers 25 GBs of FREE online storage. you can upload, store, access, and share videos, photos, music, files, and work related documents. You can access those files, videos, photos, music, MP3s, and more anytime and from anywhere.

After you register as a member in this site, you will get 25 GB of secure online storage. You can download or Share 1 GB per month. You can send files upto 25 MB in size. For Rules and regulations read their Privacy Policy at their site.

www.eggdisk.com
This site offers 6 GBs of FREE online storage. you can upload, store, access, and share videos, photos, music, files, and work related documents. You can access those files, videos, photos, music from anywhere.

Without Registration also we can upload,share files. But this service allows up to 20MB files. With the registered service you can have up to 100MB filesizes. For Rules and regulations read their Privacy Policy,TOS at their site.

www.freedrive.com
This site offers 6 GBs of FREE online storage. By registering with FreeDrive.com you can upload, share and access your files, including music,Photos and vedios.

www.xdrive.com
This site offers 5 GBs of FREE online storage. By registering with FreeDrive.com you can upload, share and access your files, including photos.

Live WebCast of Windows Vista and Microsoft Office 2007 Celebration

All we know that Windows Vista and Microsoft Office 2007 will be available worldwide on 2007 January 30.

Bill Gates Celebrates Worldwide Launch of Windows Vista and the 2007 Microsoft Office System on Monday, January 29, 2007. Join Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates for a live webcast celebrating the worldwide launch of Windows Vista and the 2007 Microsoft Office System. The celebration pays tribute to the millions of Microsoft customers, partners and product testers around the world who provided input and feedback on these products.

Schedule of Events on Jan 29, Jan 30

Live WebCast begins at 1.45 pm Pacific Monday,January 29, 2007.

View the Live WebCast